<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>UTas ePrints - How should pathogen transmission be modelled?</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/javascript/auto.js"><!-- padder --></script>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/auto.css);</style>
<style type="text/css" media="print">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/print.css);</style>
<link rel="icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/images/eprints/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="Top" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/" />
<link rel="Search" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" />
<meta content="McCallum, Hamish I." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Barlow, Nigel" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Hone, Jim" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="hamish.mccallum@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="article" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-10-24 04:12:36" name="eprints.datestamp" />
<meta content="2008-01-08 15:30:00" name="eprints.lastmod" />
<meta content="show" name="eprints.metadata_visibility" />
<meta content="How should pathogen transmission be modelled?" name="eprints.title" />
<meta content="pub" name="eprints.ispublished" />
<meta content="270799" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="300503" name="eprints.subjects" />
<meta content="restricted" name="eprints.full_text_status" />
<meta content="pathogen transmission; host-pathogen models; disease management; mass action; transmission dynamics; pseudo mass action
" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com
" name="eprints.note" />
<meta content="Host–pathogen models are essential for designing strategies for managing disease threats to humans, wild animals and domestic animals.The behaviour of these models is greatly affected by the way in which transmission between infected and susceptible hosts is modelled. Since host–pathogen models were first developed at the beginning of the 20th century, the ‘mass action’ assumption has almost always been used for transmission. Recently, however, it has been suggested that mass action has often been modelled wrongly.
Alternative models of transmission are beginning to appear, as are empirical tests of transmission dynamics." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2001" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Trends in Ecology and Evolution" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="16" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="6" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="295-301" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02144-9" name="eprints.id_number" />
<meta content="TRUE" name="eprints.refereed" />
<meta content="0169-5347" name="eprints.issn" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02144-9" name="eprints.official_url" />
<meta content="1 Hamer, W.H. (1906) Epidemic disease in
England – the evidence of variability and the
persistence of type. Lancet 1, 733–739
2 Kermack, W.O. and McKendrick, A.G. (1927) A
contribution to the mathematical theory of
epidemics. Proc. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci. 115,
700–721
3 de Jong, M.C.M. et al. (1995) How does
transmission of infection depend on population
size? In Epidemic Models: Their Structure and
Relation to Data (Mollison, D., ed.), pp. 84–94,
Cambridge University Press
4 Anderson, R.M. and May, R.M. (1978)
Regulation and stability of host–parasite
interactions. I. Regulatory processes. J. Anim.
Ecol. 47, 219–247
5 May, R.M. and Anderson, R.M. (1978)
Regulation and stability of host–parasite
interactions. II. Destabilizing processes.
J. Anim. Ecol. 47, 249–267
6 Anderson, R.M. and May, R.M. (1979)
Population biology of infectious diseases.
Part I. Nature 280, 361–367
7 May, R.M. and Anderson, R.M. (1979)
Population biology of infectious diseases.
Part II. Nature 280, 455–461
8 White, P.C.L. and Harris, S. (1995) Bovine
tuberculosis in badger (Meles meles) populations
in southwest England: an assessment of past,
present and possible future control strategies
using simulation modelling. Philos. Trans. R.
Soc. London Ser. B 349, 415–432
9 Pech, R.P. and Hone, J. (1988) A model of the
dynamics and control of an outbreak of foot and
mouth disease in feral pigs in Australia. J. Appl.
Ecol. 25, 63–77
10 Anderson, R.M. et al. (1981) Population
dynamics of fox rabies in Europe. Nature 289,
765–771
11 Swinton, J. et al. (1998) Persistence thresholds
for phocine distemper virus infection in harbour
seal Phoca vitulina metapopulations. J. Anim.
Ecol. 67, 54–68
12 Barlow, N.D. (1994) Predicting the effect
of a novel vertebrate biocontrol agent: a model
for viral-vectored immunocontraception of
New Zealand possums. J. Appl. Ecol. 31,
454–462
13 May, R.M. and Anderson, R.M. (1987)
Transmission dynamics of HIV infection.
Nature 326, 137–142
14 Holling, C.S. (1959) The components of
predation as revealed by a study of small
mammal predation on the European pine
sawfly. Can. J. Entomol. 91, 293–320
15 Antonovics, J. et al. (1995) A generalized model
of parasitoid, venereal, and vector based
transmission processes. Am. Nat. 145, 661–675
16 Barlow, N.D. (1991) A spatially aggregated
disease/host model for bovine TB in New
Zealand possum populations. J. Appl. Ecol. 28,
777–793
17 Dwyer, G. et al. (1997) Host heterogeneity
in susceptibility and disease dynamics: tests
of a mathematical model. Am. Nat. 150,
685–707
18 De Leo, G.A. and Dobson, A.P. (1996) Allometry
and simple epidemic models for microparasites.
Nature 379, 720–722
19 Hone, J. (1994) Analysis of Vertebrate Pest
Control, Cambridge University Press
20 Finkenstädt, B.F. and Grenfell, B. (2000) Time
series modelling of childhood diseases: a
dynamical systems approach. Appl. Stat. 49,
187–205
21 McCallum, H. (2000) Population Parameters:
Estimation for Ecological Models, Blackwell
Science
22 Grenfell, B.T. and Anderson, R.M. (1985) The
estimation of age-related rates of infection from
case notifications and serological data.
J. Hygiene 95, 419–436
23 Knell, R.J. et al. (1996) Transmission
dynamics of Bacillus thuringiensis
infecting Plodia interpunctella: a test of the
mass action assumption with an insect
pathogen. Proc. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci. 263,
75–81
24 Knell, R.J. et al. (1998) Transmission of Plodia
interpunctella granulosis virus does not conform
to the mass action model. J. Anim. Ecol. 67,
592–599
25 D’Amico, V. et al. (1996) Virus transmission in
gypsy moths is not a simple mass action process.
Ecology 77, 201–206
26 Bouma, A. et al. (1995) Transmission of
pseudorabies virus within pig populations is
independent of the size of the population. Prev.
Vet. Med. 23, 163–172
27 Reeson, A.F. et al. (2000) Effects of phenotypic
plasticity on pathogen transmission in the field
in a Lepidoptera-NPV system. Oecologia 124,
373–380
28 Barlow, N.D. (2000) Non-linear transmission
and simple models for bovine tuberculosis.
J. Anim. Ecol. 69, 703–713
29 Begon, M. et al. (1998) Population and
transmission dynamics of cowpox in bank voles:
testing fundamental assumptions. Ecol. Lett.
1, 82–86
30 Begon, M. et al. (1999) Transmission dynamics
of a zoonotic pathogen within and between
wildlife host species. Proc. R. Soc. London B
Biol. Sci. 266, 1939–1945
31 Dobson, A.P. and Meagher, M. (1996) The
population dynamics of brucellosis in the
Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 77,
1026–1036
32 Keeling, M.J. and Grenfell, B.T. (2000)
Individual-based perspectives on R0.
J. Theor. Biol. 203, 51–61
33 Severo, N.C. (1969) Generalizations of some
stochastic epidemic models. Math. Biosci. 4,
367–394
34 Liu, W. et al. (1986) Influence of non-linear
incidence rates upon the behaviour of SIRS
epidemiological models. J. Math. Biol. 23,
187–204
35 Hochberg, M.E. (1991) Non-linear transmission
rates and the dynamics of infectious disease.
J. Theor. Biol. 153, 301–321
36 Briggs, C.J. and Godfray, H.C.J. (1995) The
dynamics of insect–pathogen interactions in
stage-structured populations. Am. Nat. 145,
845–887
37 Diekmann, O. and Kretzschmar, M.
(1991) Patterns in the effects of infectious
diseases on population growth. J. Math. Biol.
29, 539–570
38 Roberts, M.G. (1996) The dynamics of bovine
tuberculosis in possum populations and its
eradication or control by culling or vaccination.
J. Anim. Ecol. 65, 451–464
39 Heesterbeck, J.A.P and Metz, J.A.J. (1993) The
saturating contact rate in marriage and
epidemic models. J. Math. Biol. 31, 5" name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="McCallum, Hamish I. and Barlow, Nigel and Hone, Jim (2001) How should pathogen transmission be modelled? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16 (6). pp. 295-301. ISSN 0169-5347" name="eprints.citation" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2328/1/TEE_June_McCallum_pp295-300.pdf" name="eprints.document_url" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" />
<meta content="How should pathogen transmission be modelled?" name="DC.title" />
<meta content="McCallum, Hamish I." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Barlow, Nigel" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Hone, Jim" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="300503 Epidemiology" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Host–pathogen models are essential for designing strategies for managing disease threats to humans, wild animals and domestic animals.The behaviour of these models is greatly affected by the way in which transmission between infected and susceptible hosts is modelled. Since host–pathogen models were first developed at the beginning of the 20th century, the ‘mass action’ assumption has almost always been used for transmission. Recently, however, it has been suggested that mass action has often been modelled wrongly.
Alternative models of transmission are beginning to appear, as are empirical tests of transmission dynamics." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2001" name="DC.date" />
<meta content="Article" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="PeerReviewed" name="DC.type" />
<meta content="application/pdf" name="DC.format" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2328/1/TEE_June_McCallum_pp295-300.pdf" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02144-9" name="DC.relation" />
<meta content="McCallum, Hamish I. and Barlow, Nigel and Hone, Jim (2001) How should pathogen transmission be modelled? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16 (6). pp. 295-301. ISSN 0169-5347" name="DC.identifier" />
<meta content="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2328/" name="DC.relation" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/BibTeX/epprod-eprint-2328.bib" title="BibTeX" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/ContextObject/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="OpenURL ContextObject" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/ContextObject::Dissertation/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="OpenURL Dissertation" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/ContextObject::Journal/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="OpenURL Journal" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/DC/epprod-eprint-2328.txt" title="Dublin Core" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/DIDL/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="DIDL" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/EndNote/epprod-eprint-2328.enw" title="EndNote" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/HTML/epprod-eprint-2328.html" title="HTML Citation" type="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/METS/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="METS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/MODS/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="MODS" type="text/xml" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/RIS/epprod-eprint-2328.ris" title="Reference Manager" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/Refer/epprod-eprint-2328.refer" title="Refer" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/Simple/epprod-eprint-2328text" title="Simple Metadata" type="text/plain" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/Text/epprod-eprint-2328.txt" title="ASCII Citation" type="text/plain; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="alternate" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/export/2328/XML/epprod-eprint-2328.xml" title="EP3 XML" type="text/xml" />
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" onLoad="loadRoutine(); MM_preloadImages('images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif','images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif')">
<div class="ep_noprint"><noscript><style type="text/css">@import url(http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/nojs.css);</style></noscript></div>
<table width="795" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td><script language="JavaScript1.2">mmLoadMenus();</script>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="795">
<!-- fwtable fwsrc="eprints_banner_final2.png" fwbase="ePrints_banner.gif" fwstyle="Dreamweaver" fwdocid = "1249563342" fwnested="0" -->
<tr>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="32" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="104" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="44" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="105" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="41" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="16" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="68" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="82" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="69" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="98" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12"><img name="ePrints_banner_r1_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r1_c1.gif" width="795" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="6"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c1" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c1.gif" width="32" height="118" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="5"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c2.gif" width="104" height="103" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td colspan="10"><img name="ePrints_banner_r2_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r2_c3.gif" width="659" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="41" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c3.gif" width="190" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="7"><img name="ePrints_banner_r3_c6" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r3_c6.gif" width="469" height="37" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="31" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><img name="ePrints_banner_r4_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r4_c3.gif" width="190" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="6" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c3.gif" width="149" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/information.html" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821132634_0,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c5');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c5','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c5" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c5.gif" width="57" height="25" border="0" alt="About" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/view/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133021_1,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c7');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c7','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c7" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c7.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Browse" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/search/simple" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133201_2,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c8');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c8','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c8" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c8.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="Search" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/register" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout();" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_1018171924_3,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c9');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c9','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c9" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c9.gif" width="68" height="25" border="0" alt="register" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/perl/users/home" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133422_4,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c10');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c10','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c10" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c10.gif" width="82" height="25" border="0" alt="user area" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/help/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore();MM_startTimeout()" onMouseOver="MM_showMenu(window.mm_menu_0821133514_5,0,25,null,'ePrints_banner_r5_c11');MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r5_c11','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c11" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c11.gif" width="69" height="25" border="0" alt="Help" /></a></td>
<td rowspan="3" colspan="4"><img name="ePrints_banner_r5_c12" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r5_c12.gif" width="98" height="40" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c3" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c3.gif" width="44" height="39" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></td>
<td><a href="/" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('ePrints_banner_r6_c4','','/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4_f2.gif',1);"><img name="ePrints_banner_r6_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r6_c4.gif" width="105" height="24" border="0" alt="ePrints home" /></a></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="24" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c2" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c2.gif" width="104" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td colspan="8"><img name="ePrints_banner_r7_c4" src="/images/eprints/ePrints_banner_r7_c4.gif" width="517" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
<td><img src="/images/eprints/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><table width="100%" style="font-size: 90%; border: solid 1px #ccc; padding: 3px"><tr>
<td align="left"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home">Login</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/register">Create Account</a></td>
<td align="right" style="white-space: nowrap">
<form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/search" style="display:inline">
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbox" size="20" type="text" name="q" />
<input class="ep_tm_searchbarbutton" value="Search" type="submit" name="_action_search" />
<input type="hidden" name="_order" value="bytitle" />
<input type="hidden" name="basic_srchtype" value="ALL" />
<input type="hidden" name="_satisfyall" value="ALL" />
</form>
</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="toplinks"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<div align="center">
<table width="720" class="ep_tm_main"><tr><td align="left">
<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">How should pathogen transmission be modelled?</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">McCallum, Hamish I.</span> and <span class="person_name">Barlow, Nigel</span> and <span class="person_name">Hone, Jim</span> (2001) <xhtml:em>How should pathogen transmission be modelled?</xhtml:em> Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16 (6). pp. 295-301. ISSN 0169-5347</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2328/1/TEE_June_McCallum_pp295-300.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2328/1/TEE_June_McCallum_pp295-300.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />96Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2985" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02144-9">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02144-9</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Host–pathogen models are essential for designing strategies for managing disease threats to humans, wild animals and domestic animals.The behaviour of these models is greatly affected by the way in which transmission between infected and susceptible hosts is modelled. Since host–pathogen models were first developed at the beginning of the 20th century, the ‘mass action’ assumption has almost always been used for transmission. Recently, however, it has been suggested that mass action has often been modelled wrongly.
Alternative models of transmission are beginning to appear, as are empirical tests of transmission dynamics.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">The definitive version is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">pathogen transmission; host-pathogen models; disease management; mass action; transmission dynamics; pseudo mass action
</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270799.html">270000 Biological Sciences > 270700 Ecology and Evolution > 270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300503.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences > 300500 Veterinary Sciences > 300503 Epidemiology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2328</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Prof Hamish McCallum</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">24 Oct 2007 15:12</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2328;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=2328">item control page</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><!-- #BeginLibraryItem "/Library/footer_eprints.lbi" -->
<table width="795" border="0" align="left" cellpadding="0" class="footer">
<tr valign="top">
<td colspan="2"><div align="center"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au">UTAS home</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/">Library home</a> | <a href="/">ePrints home</a> | <a href="/contact.html">contact</a> | <a href="/information.html">about</a> | <a href="/view/">browse</a> | <a href="/perl/search/simple">search</a> | <a href="/perl/register">register</a> | <a href="/perl/users/home">user area</a> | <a href="/help/">help</a></div><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><p><img src="/images/eprints/footerline.gif" width="100%" height="4" /></p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="68%" class="footer">Authorised by the University Librarian<br />
© University of Tasmania ABN 30 764 374 782<br />
<a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/cricos/">CRICOS Provider Code 00586B</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/copyright/copyright_disclaimers.html">Copyright & Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/feedback/">Site Feedback</a> </td>
<td width="32%"><div align="right">
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><img src="http://www.utas.edu.au/shared/logos/unioftasstrip.gif" alt="University of Tasmania Home Page" width="260" height="16" border="0" align="right" /></a></p>
<p align="right" class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.utas.edu.au/"><br />
</a></p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><p> </p></td>
<td><div align="right"><span class="NoPrint"><a href="http://www.eprints.org/software/"><img src="/images/eprintslogo.gif" alt="ePrints logo" width="77" height="29" border="0" align="bottom" /></a></span></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- #EndLibraryItem -->
<div align="center"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
